Search results for "Rostral ventrolateral medulla"

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The role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease caused by social isolation and loneliness

2020

Loneliness and social isolation are common sources of chronic stress in modern society. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that loneliness and social isolation increase mortality risk as much as smoking or alcohol consumption and more than physical inactivity or obesity. Loneliness in human is associated with higher blood pressure whereas enhanced atherosclerosis is observed in animal models of social isolation. Loneliness and social isolation lead to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, enhanced sympathetic nerve activity, impaired parasympathetic function and a proinflammatory immune response. These mechanisms have been implicated in the development o…

0301 basic medicineHypothalamo-Hypophyseal Systemmedicine.medical_specialtyClinical BiochemistryPituitary-Adrenal SystemDiseasemedicine.disease_causeBiochemistryProinflammatory cytokine03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsHumansChronic stressSocial isolationlcsh:QH301-705.5Social stressSocial isolationlcsh:R5-920business.industryLonelinessOrganic ChemistryLonelinessRostral ventrolateral medullaCardiovascular diseaseGraphical ReviewRatsDisease Models Animal030104 developmental biologyEndocrinologylcsh:Biology (General)Cardiovascular DiseasesOxidative stressmedicine.symptombusinesslcsh:Medicine (General)030217 neurology & neurosurgeryOxidative stressRedox Biology
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Central correlation of muscle sympathetic nerve activation during baroreflex unloading - a microneurography-positron emission tomography study

2013

The baroreceptor reflex controls spontaneous fluctuations in blood pressure. One major control variable of the baroreflex is the sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity to muscles [MSNA; burst frequency (BF) and burst incidence (BI)], which can be quantitatively assessed by microneurography. We aimed to investigate the central regions involved in baroreflex regulation of MSNA. Healthy men (mean age 25 years) participated in three experimental sessions. (i) Microneurography recordings of MSNA from the left peroneal nerve during rest and baroreflex unloading, induced by lower body negative pressure (LBNP; -40 mmHg). If MSNA could be reliably recorded throughout this procedure (n = 15), the subje…

AdultMaleBaroreceptorbusiness.industryGeneral NeuroscienceBrainPeroneal NerveRostral ventrolateral medullaMicroneurographyBaroreflexBaroreflexGlucoseBlood pressureOrgan SpecificityPositron-Emission TomographyAnesthesiaMedulla oblongataHumansMedicineBrainstemMuscle SkeletalbusinessMedullaEuropean Journal of Neuroscience
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A possible biomarker for methadone related deaths

2017

Abstract Methadone (MTH) concentrations in those dying of MTH toxicity totally overlap concentrations where the presence of MTH is only an incidental finding, making it very difficult to make distinctions in actual cases. A biomarker, be it anatomical or biochemical for MTH toxicity is badly needed, particularly if that markers were known to disrupt effective ventilation. Because the brainstem houses the regulatory centers for cardiorespiratory-control enters, it would seem to be the most likely anatomical site to seek abnormalities in cardiorespiratory control. Objective To locate and describe the cells of nucleus of the solitary tract (TS)(NTS) in human brainstem and determine if neuronal…

MalePathologyNecrosisApoptosisAutopsyCohort Studies0302 clinical medicineRetrospective StudieMedicineForensic PathologyNeuronsPoisoningSolitary tractGeneral MedicineRostral ventrolateral medullaNecrosiImmunohistochemistryCaspase 9Narcotic030220 oncology & carcinogenesisToxicityFemaleBrainstemmedicine.symptomBrainstemCaspase-9HumanNarcoticsAdultProgrammed cell deathmedicine.medical_specialty2734Pathology and Forensic MedicineNecrosisForensic ToxicologyYoung Adult03 medical and health sciencesSettore MED/43 - Medicina LegaleSolitary NucleuSolitary NucleusNeurotoxicityHumansRetrospective Studiesbusiness.industryfungiApoptosiBiomarkerNeuronApoptosisApoptosis; Biomarker; Brainstem; Caspase-9; Methadone; Neurotoxicity; Adult; Apoptosis; Brain Stem; Caspase 9; Cohort Studies; Female; Forensic Pathology; Forensic Toxicology; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Methadone; Narcotics; Necrosis; Neurons; Poisoning; Retrospective Studies; Solitary Nucleus; Young Adult; 2734; LawCohort StudiebusinessLawMethadone030217 neurology & neurosurgeryBrain Stem
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